Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Thyroid gland is one of most important endocrine glands in the body. It plays\nvital role in growth control and its measurements tends to change in respect\nto age, sex, weight and ethnic group of the individual. This study aimed to\nassess endemic goiter and to estimate the measurement of normal thyroid\ngland dimensions and thyroid hormones level in school-aged children using\nUltrasonography and ELISA Technique in Eastern Sudan (Kassala state). A\ntotal of 100 subjects is 6 - 18 years (43 males, 57 females), and mean of age\n(9.73 ± 2.54 years). This study was done in the period from April 2016 to\nFebruary 2017. All the subject undergone thyroid ultrasound and thyroid\nhormone level test. Subjects with history of goiter were excluded from the\nstudy, by thyroid dimension (length, height and diameter). Thyroid volume\nwas estimated using ellipsoid formula and thyroid hormones (TSH, T3 and\nT4) using Toso full automation. The study revealed that 12 subjects of the\nstudy (12%) with goiter, 7 female (7%) and 5 males (5%) with age ranged 6 -\n11 years with increase in TSH and T3 and decrease in T4 level. The mean of\nthyroid volumes for normal subject and subject of goiter are 4.93 ± 0.63, 5.4 ±\n1.4 mL, respectively, and TSH, T3, T4 (1.8 ± 0.97, 2.4 ± 0.86 UIu/nL), (3.61 ±\n0.32, 3.8 ± 0.55 Pg/Nl), (1.35 ± 1.23 ng/DI level respectively). It concluded\nthat there was positive correlations between the age and the thyroid volume\n(p = 0.65). It increases with increase of the age. The Rt lobe is larger than the\nLt lobe; the thyroid volume is higher in male than female, and this study\nfound the TSH and T3 decreased with ages while T4 increased with ages in\nnormal subject; TSH and T3 level increased and T4 level decreased in goiter\nchildren....
MRI using gadolinium contrast media is useful in diagnosis; however, nephrogenic\nsystemic fibrosis is a serious side effect of gadolinium exposure.\nMoreover, it turns out that gadolinium deposits in the brain. This has escalated\nthe necessity for a suitable method to use gadolinium contrast media. I\ndeveloped a new imaging method that had excellent contrast. This study examined\nthe usefulness of that new imaging method and found the method is\nhighly effective....
Effective fetal monitoring is an important guarantee for fetal health and early\ntreatment. Fetal movement is one of critical indicators of fetal monitoring,\nwhich plays an important role in fetal health. Counting the number of fetal\nmovement by pregnant women is a traditional method for long-term monitoring.\nHowever, there are many defects in pregnant womenâ??s feeling count,\nwhich cannot meet the accurate requirements of modern perinatal medicine.\nWith the rapid development of biological and electronic technology, various\nsensors are used to probe the fetal dynamic monitoring, but not on fetal\nmovement. This research proposes a monitoring method for fetal movement\nvia three electrodes. Briefly: first, three electrodes are used to extract electrical\nsignals in the abdomen of pregnant women; second, these signals are amplified\nand filtered; third, A/D converter with microprocessor is used to make\nanalog digital conversion, which can be stored in the SD card under the control\nof the microprocessor; finally, the SD card data are processed by computer\nsoftware and the fetal movement information is analyzed....
Purpose. To explore the role of histogram analysis of perfusion parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance\nimaging (DCE-MRI) based on entire tumor volume in discriminating tumor characteristics and predicting therapeutic response\nin rectal cancer. Materials and Methods. Thirty-seven DCE-MRIs of locally advanced rectal cancer patients who received\nchemoradiation therapy (CRT) before surgery were analyzed by pharmacokinetic model for quantification and histogram analysis\nof perfusion parameters.The results were correlated with tumor characteristics including EGFR expression, KRAS mutation, and\nCRT response based on the pathologic tumor regression grade (TRG). Results.Thearea under the contrast agent concentration-time\ncurve (AUC) skewness was significantly lower in patients with node metastasis. The vp histogram parameters were significantly\nhigher in group with perineural invasion (PNI). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses showed that mode\nvp revealed the best diagnostic performance of PNI. The values of Ktrans and kep were significantly higher in the group with\nKRAS mutation. ROC curve analyses showed thatmean and mode Ktrans demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance of KRAS\nmutation.DCE-MRI parameters did not demonstrate statistical significance in correlatingwith TRG. Conclusion. These preliminary\nresults suggest that a larger proportion of higher AUC skewness was present in LN metastasis group and a higher vp histogram\nvalue was present in rectal cancer with PNI. In addition, Ktrans and kep histogram parameters showed difference according to the\nKRAS mutation, demonstrating the utility of the histogram of perfusion parameters derived from DCE-MRI as potential imaging\nbiomarkers of tumor characteristics and genetic features....
A comprehensive review of the literature-to-date on functional magnetic resonance imaging\n(fMRI) of the spinal cord is presented. Spinal fMRI has been shown, over more than two decades\nof work, to be a reliable tool for detecting neural activity. We discuss 10 key points regarding the\nhistory, development, methods, and applications of spinal fMRI. Animal models have served a\nkey purpose for the development of spinal fMRI protocols and for experimental spinal cord injury\nstudies. Applications of spinal fMRI span from animal models across healthy and patient populations\nin humans using both task-based and resting-state paradigms. The literature also demonstrates\nclear trends in study design and acquisition methods, as the majority of studies follow a task-based,\nblock design paradigm, and utilize variations of single-shot fast spin-echo imaging methods. We,\ntherefore, discuss the similarities and differences of these to resting-state fMRI and gradient-echo\nEPI protocols. Although it is newly emerging, complex connectivity and network analysis is not\nonly possible, but has also been shown to be reliable and reproducible in the spinal cord for both\ntask-based and resting-state studies. Despite the technical challenges associated with spinal fMRI,\nthis review identifies reliable solutions that have been developed to overcome these challenges....
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